How To Get Rid Of Subterranean Termites A Comprehensive Guide

Hey guys! Dealing with subterranean termites can be a real headache. These little critters can cause some serious damage to your home if you don't catch them early. They live in the ground and build tunnels to reach wood, which is their main food source. If you suspect you have these unwanted guests, don't panic! There are several ways to get rid of them and protect your home.

Identifying Subterranean Termites

First things first, you need to make sure you're actually dealing with subterranean termites and not some other type of pest. Identifying subterranean termites accurately is the first step in effective termite control. Subterranean termites are social insects that live in colonies, typically residing in the soil. These pests build mud tubes to travel between their nests and food sources, which is a key sign of their presence. Adult subterranean termites are small, about ¼ to ½ inch long, and have soft bodies. They are typically creamy white or light brown in color. The reproductive termites, also known as swarmers, have wings and are dark brown or black. Spotting swarmers inside or near your home is a strong indication of a termite infestation. Another sign is the presence of discarded wings, as swarmers shed their wings after finding a mate and establishing a new colony. Worker termites, which are the most numerous in a colony, are wingless and pale in color. They are responsible for foraging for food, building tunnels, and caring for the young. Soldier termites have enlarged heads and mandibles, which they use to defend the colony. Their presence is less commonly observed, but finding them can also indicate an infestation.

Common Signs of Infestation

One of the most common signs of a subterranean termite infestation is the presence of mud tubes. These tubes are made of soil, wood, and saliva, and termites use them to travel above ground while staying protected from the elements and predators. You'll often find these tubes along foundation walls, in crawl spaces, and on wooden structures. Another telltale sign is damaged wood. Termites eat wood from the inside out, so the surface may appear normal while the interior is hollowed out. If you tap on wood and it sounds hollow, it could be a sign of termite damage. You might also notice sagging floors, loose tiles, or buckling walls, all of which can be caused by termites weakening the structural wood of your home. Subterranean termites can also cause damage to non-wood materials such as insulation and even some plastics as they search for food and nesting sites. Therefore, it's important to inspect various areas of your home, not just wooden structures. Regular inspections, especially in damp and dark areas, can help you catch an infestation early, before extensive damage occurs. Early detection is crucial for effective termite control and minimizing repair costs. Ignoring the signs of termite infestation can lead to significant structural damage, compromising the safety and value of your home.

Distinguishing Subterranean Termites from Other Pests

It’s essential to differentiate subterranean termites from other pests, such as ants, to ensure you’re using the correct treatment methods. Subterranean termites are often confused with ants, especially during swarming season when both can be seen flying around. However, there are key differences to look for. Termites have straight antennae, while ants have bent or elbowed antennae. Termites have uniform waists, meaning their bodies don't have a pinched section between the thorax and abdomen, whereas ants have a clearly defined, narrow waist. Another distinguishing feature is their wings. Termites have two pairs of wings that are equal in length, while ants have forewings that are longer than their hindwings. Additionally, termite wings are often pale and translucent, while ant wings can be darker. Another pest that might be confused with termites is the carpenter ant. Carpenter ants also nest in wood, but they don’t eat it. Instead, they excavate wood to create galleries for their nests. Unlike termites, carpenter ants leave behind sawdust-like material, called frass, near their entry points. This frass is a mix of wood shavings and insect parts, which is a clear indication of carpenter ant activity rather than termites. Correct identification is crucial because the treatments for ants and termites differ significantly. Using the wrong treatment can be ineffective and may even exacerbate the problem. If you're unsure, it's always best to consult with a pest control professional who can accurately identify the pest and recommend the appropriate course of action. A professional inspection can also uncover hidden infestations that you might miss during a DIY inspection.

DIY Treatments for Subterranean Termites

Okay, so you've identified subterranean termites. Now what? There are several DIY treatments for subterranean termites you can try, especially if the infestation is small. These methods can be effective as part of an integrated pest management approach, but for larger infestations, professional help is usually necessary. One popular DIY method is using boric acid. Boric acid is a natural substance that is toxic to termites. You can apply it in several ways. One method is to dust boric acid powder into termite galleries and tunnels. Termites ingest the boric acid as they groom themselves and each other, which eventually kills them. You can also purchase boric acid-based termite baits. These baits are placed in areas where termites are active, and the termites carry the bait back to the colony, poisoning the entire group. Another common DIY treatment involves using nematodes. Nematodes are microscopic worms that are natural parasites of termites. They enter the termite’s body and release bacteria that kill the termite. You can purchase nematodes online or at garden centers and apply them to the soil around your home. They are particularly effective in moist soil conditions, which is where termites thrive. Diatomaceous earth is another natural option. It’s a powder made from the fossilized remains of diatoms, a type of algae. Diatomaceous earth is abrasive and dehydrates termites when they come into contact with it. It can be sprinkled around termite entry points and in areas where termites are active. However, it’s most effective when dry, so it may not be the best option for damp areas. Using cardboard traps is a simple and environmentally friendly way to attract and kill termites. Dampen pieces of cardboard and stack them near areas where you suspect termite activity. Termites are attracted to the cellulose in cardboard and will start feeding on it. Once the cardboard is infested, you can collect it and burn it or soak it in a soapy water solution to kill the termites.

Boric Acid Treatments

Let's dive a bit deeper into boric acid treatments. Boric acid is a fantastic option because it's relatively non-toxic to humans and pets but deadly to termites. It works by disrupting the termite’s digestive system and nervous system. One of the best ways to use boric acid is to create a solution that you can spray directly onto infested wood. Mix boric acid powder with water according to the product instructions, and then use a spray bottle to apply the solution to areas where you’ve seen termite activity. Make sure to saturate the wood thoroughly, as the termites need to ingest the boric acid for it to be effective. You can also inject boric acid solution into termite tunnels and galleries. This helps to target termites directly in their nesting areas. Use a syringe or a small applicator to inject the solution into holes and cracks where termites are present. Another effective method is to use boric acid as a wood preservative. If you’re doing any repairs or construction, treat the wood with a boric acid solution before using it. This will help to protect the wood from future termite infestations. Boric acid-treated wood is less attractive to termites and can provide long-term protection. When using boric acid, it’s important to follow safety precautions. Wear gloves and a mask to avoid inhaling the powder or getting it on your skin. Keep boric acid out of reach of children and pets, even though it’s relatively non-toxic. While boric acid can be effective for smaller infestations, it may not be sufficient for larger, more established colonies. In such cases, professional treatment is often necessary to fully eradicate the termites and prevent further damage. Regularly inspecting your home and addressing any signs of termite activity promptly can help to prevent infestations from becoming severe and requiring more intensive treatments.

Natural Nematodes

Natural nematodes are another great DIY option for termite control. These microscopic worms are natural enemies of termites and offer an environmentally friendly way to get rid of them. Nematodes work by seeking out termite larvae in the soil. Once they find a termite, they enter its body and release bacteria that kill the termite within 24 to 48 hours. The nematodes then reproduce inside the termite’s body, releasing more nematodes into the soil to hunt for other termites. To use nematodes effectively, you need to purchase the correct type. Beneficial nematodes, specifically those that target termites, are available online and at many garden centers. Follow the product instructions for application, as different nematode species may have different requirements. Nematodes are most effective when applied to moist soil. Water the soil thoroughly before and after applying the nematodes to help them move through the soil and reach the termites. Apply nematodes in the early morning or late evening to avoid direct sunlight, which can kill them. The ideal soil temperature for nematode activity is between 60°F and 85°F (15°C and 29°C). You can apply nematodes using a garden sprayer, a watering can, or a hose-end sprayer. Ensure that the sprayer’s filter is removed to prevent the nematodes from getting clogged. Agitate the nematode solution regularly during application to keep them evenly distributed. Nematodes can be a great long-term solution for termite control. They can persist in the soil for several months, continuing to hunt for termites. However, they may not be as effective for severe infestations or for termites that are inside the structure of your home. In such cases, combining nematodes with other termite control methods or seeking professional help may be necessary. Regularly re-applying nematodes can help to maintain a healthy population in the soil and prevent future termite infestations.

Professional Termite Control Methods

When DIY treatments aren't cutting it, or if you're dealing with a large-scale infestation, it's time to call in the pros. Professional termite control methods are often necessary for effective eradication, especially for subterranean termites, which can form extensive colonies. Pest control companies have access to specialized tools, treatments, and expertise that DIY methods simply can't match. One of the most common professional treatments is liquid termiticides. These termiticides are applied to the soil around your home, creating a treated zone that termites cannot penetrate. This barrier prevents termites from entering your home and also kills any termites that attempt to cross it. Termiticide treatments typically involve trenching around the foundation of your home and injecting the termiticide into the soil. The process may also include drilling holes in concrete slabs or foundation walls to treat areas beneath the structure. Termiticide treatments can provide long-lasting protection, often for several years, but they require careful application to be effective. Another professional method is termite baiting systems. Termite baiting systems involve placing bait stations around your property. These stations contain a bait that termites find attractive. When termites find the bait, they carry it back to the colony, where it is shared with other termites. The bait contains a slow-acting insecticide that eventually kills the entire colony. Baiting systems are a good option for homes where liquid termiticide treatments are not feasible or desirable. They can also be used as part of an integrated pest management approach, in combination with other treatments. Professional pest control companies also offer fumigation services. Fumigation involves sealing off your home and filling it with a fumigant gas that kills termites. This method is highly effective but requires you to vacate your home for several days. Fumigation is typically used for severe infestations where other treatments have failed or are not practical.

Liquid Termiticides

Let's take a closer look at liquid termiticides, which are a cornerstone of professional termite control. These treatments involve applying a chemical barrier around your home to prevent termites from entering. Liquid termiticides work in two main ways: some are repellent, meaning they deter termites from crossing the treated area, while others are non-repellent, meaning termites can’t detect them and unknowingly pass through the treated zone, eventually dying. Non-repellent termiticides are particularly effective because termites can carry the chemical back to the colony, spreading it to other termites. This “domino effect” can help eliminate the entire colony over time. The application process for liquid termiticides is thorough and typically involves several steps. First, the pest control technician will inspect your home to identify termite entry points and areas of activity. Then, they will trench around the foundation of your home, creating a narrow ditch in the soil. The termiticide is then applied to the trench, saturating the soil and creating a continuous barrier. For homes with concrete slabs or basements, the technician may need to drill holes through the concrete or foundation walls to reach areas beneath the structure. The termiticide is injected into these holes to ensure complete coverage. The type of termiticide used can vary depending on the pest control company and the specific needs of your home. Some common termiticides include fipronil, imidacloprid, and bifenthrin. These chemicals are effective at killing termites but are also designed to be safe for humans and pets when applied correctly. Liquid termiticide treatments can provide long-lasting protection against termites, often for five years or more. However, the effectiveness of the treatment depends on several factors, including the type of termiticide used, the thoroughness of the application, and the environmental conditions around your home. Regular inspections and maintenance can help to ensure that the treatment remains effective over time.

Termite Baiting Systems

Termite baiting systems are another effective professional method for termite control, particularly for subterranean termites. Unlike liquid termiticides, which create a barrier, baiting systems work by attracting termites to a food source containing a slow-acting insecticide. This allows the termites to carry the insecticide back to the colony, eventually eliminating the entire group. Baiting systems typically consist of plastic stations that are placed in the ground around your home. These stations contain a cellulose-based bait that termites find highly attractive. The bait is mixed with a slow-acting insecticide, such as hexaflumuron or noviflumuron, which disrupts the termite’s molting process. When termites feed on the bait, they carry it back to the colony and share it with other termites, including the queen. As more termites consume the bait, the insecticide spreads throughout the colony, eventually leading to its collapse. One of the advantages of termite baiting systems is that they can target the entire colony, even if the colony’s nest is not located on your property. The termites forage for food over a wide area, so they are likely to encounter the bait stations eventually. Baiting systems are also considered to be more environmentally friendly than liquid termiticide treatments, as they use smaller amounts of insecticide and target termites specifically, rather than affecting other insects or wildlife. The process of installing and maintaining a termite baiting system typically involves several steps. First, a pest control technician will inspect your property to identify areas of termite activity and determine the best locations for the bait stations. The stations are then placed in the ground, usually several feet apart, around the perimeter of your home. The technician will regularly monitor the stations for termite activity and replenish the bait as needed. It can take several months for a baiting system to eliminate a termite colony, as the insecticide works slowly and needs to be distributed throughout the colony. Regular monitoring and maintenance are essential to ensure the system’s effectiveness.

Preventing Future Infestations

Alright, you've gotten rid of the termites – congrats! But the job's not quite done. Now you need to focus on preventing future infestations. Here are some key steps you can take to keep those pesky termites away. Preventing future infestations primarily involves creating an environment that is less attractive to termites. Since subterranean termites thrive in moist conditions, one of the most important things you can do is to reduce moisture around your home. Make sure your gutters are clean and properly functioning to direct water away from the foundation. Repair any leaky faucets or pipes, both inside and outside your home. Ensure that your yard has proper drainage to prevent water from pooling near the foundation. Improving ventilation in crawl spaces can also help to reduce moisture levels. Install vents to allow air to circulate and consider using a dehumidifier to keep the area dry. Another critical step is to eliminate wood-to-ground contact. Termites can easily enter your home through any wood that is in direct contact with the soil. Ensure that wooden siding, door frames, and window frames are at least six inches above the ground. If you have wooden steps or decks, make sure they are properly supported and not resting directly on the soil. You should also remove any wood debris, such as firewood, tree stumps, and old lumber, from around your home. These materials can attract termites and provide them with a food source. Store firewood away from your home and elevate it off the ground. Regularly inspect your home for signs of termite activity. Check for mud tubes, damaged wood, and swarmers, especially in damp and dark areas. If you find any signs of termites, address the issue promptly. You may be able to handle a small infestation yourself, but for larger infestations, it’s best to call a professional pest control company.

Reducing Moisture

As we mentioned, reducing moisture is a big deal when it comes to termite prevention. Reducing moisture around your home makes it less inviting for termites, as they need moisture to survive. One of the primary ways to manage moisture is by ensuring proper drainage. Check your gutters regularly and clean out any leaves, twigs, and debris that can clog them. Clogged gutters can cause water to overflow and pool around your foundation, creating a perfect environment for termites. Make sure your downspouts extend away from your home, directing water at least several feet away from the foundation. You can also install underground drainage systems or French drains to help channel water away from your home. These systems can be particularly useful in areas with heavy rainfall or poor soil drainage. Addressing leaks both inside and outside your home is also crucial. Repair any leaky faucets, pipes, or fixtures as soon as you notice them. Leaks can create moisture-rich environments that attract termites. If you have a leaky roof, get it repaired promptly to prevent water damage and potential termite infestations. In crawl spaces, good ventilation is essential. Install vents to allow air to circulate and reduce moisture buildup. If your crawl space is particularly damp, consider encapsulating it with a vapor barrier. This involves sealing the crawl space with a waterproof material to prevent moisture from seeping in from the ground. You can also use a dehumidifier to keep the crawl space dry. Inside your home, be mindful of moisture in bathrooms and kitchens. Use exhaust fans when showering or cooking to remove excess moisture from the air. Wipe up spills and leaks promptly. By taking these steps to reduce moisture, you can create a less favorable environment for termites and significantly reduce your risk of an infestation. Regular maintenance and inspections can help you identify and address moisture issues before they become a problem.

Eliminating Wood-to-Ground Contact

Another key strategy in preventing termites is eliminating wood-to-ground contact. Termites can easily travel from the soil into your home if there is direct contact between wood and the ground. This provides them with a convenient pathway to your home’s structural timbers, which they will happily devour. Ensuring that wood structures are elevated above the ground is crucial. For wooden siding, door frames, and window frames, aim for at least six inches of clearance between the wood and the soil. This gap makes it more difficult for termites to reach the wood and gives you a better chance of spotting any mud tubes or other signs of termite activity. If you have wooden steps or decks, make sure they are properly supported and not resting directly on the ground. Use concrete or metal posts to elevate the wood and create a barrier between the wood and the soil. You can also use termite shields, which are metal barriers that are installed between the foundation and the wood framing. These shields prevent termites from climbing up into the wood structure. Removing wood debris from around your home is also important. Piles of firewood, tree stumps, and old lumber can attract termites and provide them with a food source. Store firewood away from your home and elevate it off the ground on a rack or platform. Dispose of any old lumber or wood debris promptly. Mulch can also create a moist environment that is attractive to termites. If you use mulch around your home, avoid piling it up against the foundation. Instead, leave a gap of several inches between the mulch and the foundation. You can also consider using non-organic mulches, such as gravel or rubber mulch, which are not attractive to termites. Regularly inspecting your home for wood-to-ground contact can help you identify potential entry points for termites. By addressing these issues, you can significantly reduce your risk of a termite infestation.

In conclusion, dealing with subterranean termites requires a multi-faceted approach. From identifying the signs to implementing DIY treatments and, when necessary, calling in the professionals, there are many steps you can take to protect your home. Prevention is key, so remember to reduce moisture, eliminate wood-to-ground contact, and regularly inspect your property. Stay vigilant, and you can keep these destructive pests at bay!